Roof Shingles Guide: Materials & Maintenance Tips
Photo credit: Donald Tong
Selecting the right roofing material is a crucial decision for homeowners, as it directly impacts the longevity and protection of a home. With various roof shingle types available, each with its own set of advantages and drawbacks, understanding the pros, cons, and maintenance requirements of each type is essential. Here is a comprehensive guide to the most common roof shingles.
Types of Roof Shingles
Asphalt Roll Roof
Asphalt roll roofing is a cost-effective option made from the same material as asphalt shingles. It is best suited for low-pitched roofs like sheds or garages. While it offers an affordable choice, it comes with a relatively short lifespan of 5 to 10 years. The material is easy to install, making it suitable for DIY projects on simple roof structures. However, it lacks the visual appeal of other roofing materials and is vulnerable to weather damage and punctures.
Maintenance Tips:
- Periodically inspect for punctures or damage and promptly repair.
- Keep the roof clear of debris to prevent water pooling and damage.
- Apply patches or coatings to extend the roof’s lifespan.
Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-Up Roofing (BUR) is a layered roof system using roofing felt and hot tar. It is commonly used on flat or low-pitched roofs and offers fire resistance at an affordable cost. BUR roofs can last from 20 to 30 years with regular inspection and maintenance. However, they lack aesthetic appeal and emit strong odors during the installation process.
Maintenance Tips:
- Regularly inspect for signs of wear, leaks, or bubbling.
- Ensure proper sealing around flashings and edges.
- Keep the roof surface clear of debris to avoid damage.
Composite Asphalt Shingle Roof
Composite asphalt shingles are the most popular roofing material in the United States. They offer a good balance of cost, ease of installation, and reasonable lifespan, ranging from 15 to 40 years based on the quality of materials that are selected. Composite shingles are available in various styles and colors to match different architectural designs, making them a versatile choice. However, over time, the color intensity may diminish due to sun exposure, and extreme weather conditions can cause damage and reduce their lifespan.
Maintenance Tips:
- Opt for higher quality shingles to maximize the roof’s lifespan.
- Refrain from walking on the shingles to prevent premature wear.
- Remove moss and debris regularly to prevent water retention and damage.
Wood Shingle Roof
Wood shingle roofs offer a charming, natural aesthetic but require more maintenance compared to other roofing materials. They are composed of natural wood, like yellow pine or cedar. They also thin, wedge-shaped, and offer an attractive, rustic appearance that complements certain architectural styles. Wood shingle roofs have an average lifespan of 25 to 30 years, though meticulously maintained roofs can last up to 50 years. However, they are susceptible to water damage, mold, mildew, and rot, especially in wet climates.
Maintenance Tips:
- Periodically inspect for split and/or cracked shingles and replace them right away.
- Treat the roof with fire retardants and chemical preservatives in fire-prone areas.
- Regularly clean and remove debris to prevent water retention and decay.
Wood Shake Shingle Roof
Wood shake shingles are a heftier version of wood shingles with a thicker width. They tend to have a higher resistance against weather and UV exposure. They are not suitable for most DIYers to install, requiring professional installation. Wood shake roofs have a slightly longer lifespan than wood shingle roofs, ranging from 35 to 40 years, but require similar maintenance.
Maintenance Tips:
- Immediately replace any distressed, bent, or split shakes.
- Regularly remove debris to prevent water retention and damage.
- Periodically inspect and maintain the roof to extend its lifespan.
Standing-Seam Metal Roof
Standing-seam metal roofs have risen in popularity, especially in fire-prone areas, due to their durability and protective attributes. Their life expectancy typically ranges from 30 to 50 years. These roofs are constructed using sizable metal panels that interlock and create a visually distinctive appearance. Crafted from premium-grade steel or aluminum, along with other metal options, these systems offer long-lasting service with minimal maintenance demands. However, keep in mind that they may dent if subjected to heavy impact and may require specialized labor for installation and repair.
Maintenance Tips:
- Regularly inspect for fastener and sealant integrity and address any issues promptly.
- Check for slipped, bowed, or distressed panels and take appropriate action.
- Regularly clear the roof of debris to maintain its integrity.
Clay or Cement Tile Roof
Clay tile roofs are a popular choice in the Southwest United States and can be found in other regions as well due to their impressive strength and endurance. Traditionally, these tiles are made of terracotta clay, while concrete tiles are also available. Both types of tiles offer a similar level of durability, making them suitable for areas with harsh weather conditions. However, these roofs do require a strong roof that’s capable of supporting their heavier weight and they should be installed by trained professionals. Due to their longevity and low maintenance, they are often considered a one-time investment for your home.
Maintenance Tips:
- Regularly inspect for cracked tiles and replace them immediately.
- Ensure the roof has sufficient structural support to handle its weight.
- Regularly inspect the roof for cracked or broken tiles and replace them promptly.
- Keep the roof clear of debris and trim nearby trees to prevent damage.
- Apply a clear alkyd primer to the tiles to enhance their resistance to weathering.
Slate Roof
Slate roofs offer unparalleled durability and a natural stone aesthetic, making them a premium choice for luxury homes. Instead of molded clays or concrete, these roofs consist of flat slabs of slate. They can easily last up to 100 years or more when properly maintained, with some roofs dating back centuries. However, slate roofs are the priciest option when compared to typical roofing materials, and installation requires trained craftsmen.
Maintenance Tips:
- Immediately replace any tiles that are broken.
- Check and maintain flashings and ensure they are installed correctly.
- Regularly inspect for efflorescence and coat tiles with a clear alkyd primer.
Membrane Roofing
Membrane roofing, often referred to as rubber roofing, comes in large pieces and offers excellent water resistance, making it ideal for roofs that are flat or gently sloped. Common membrane roof selections include EPDM, neoprene, and PVC. As long as the membrane remains intact, it can last approximately 20 to 35 years. However, it is prone to punctures and requires professional installation.
Maintenance Tips:
- Regularly inspect the membrane for punctures and damages.
- Keep the roof free from debris and avoid walking on the membrane.
- Replace any damaged or worn sections promptly.
The choice of roofing material depends on factors such as budget, aesthetics, climate, and maintenance preferences. Asphalt shingles, composite shingles, and metal roofs offer a good balance between cost, durability, and ease of installation. Wood shingle and shake roofs provide a charming rustic appeal but demand more maintenance. For longevity and premium aesthetics, clay or cement tile roofs and slate roofs are excellent choices. Membrane roofing is a practical option for flat roofs but may require more frequent replacements.
Regardless of the roofing material chosen, regular inspection and maintenance are essential to extend the roof’s lifespan and ensure its effectiveness in protecting your home from the elements. If unsure about which shingle type is best suited for your home, consult with a professional roofing contractor who can provide expert guidance based on your specific needs and preferences. See other guides from Dwell Adore to learn about interior design, home decor, home appliances, and more.
